Det gäller att hålla tungan rätt i mun när man läser stycket nedan, men det säger något viktigt, nämligen att även om vi tror att aktörer bara styrs av materiella intressen, position i samhället, osv, och tror att de moraliska principer och skäl varmed aktörerna försöker underbygga sina ståndpunkter endast är fernissa och puts, så har de normativa begrepp och principer som är allmänt accepterade i samhället i fråga en faktiskt effekt eller begränsande inverkan på aktörernas handlingsalternativ, eftersom det är genom hänvisning till dessa etablerade principer som förslag kan fås att godtas, beslut accepteras, lagar att följas. Och därmed kan inte en enkel analys av vad som ”egentligen” driver aktörerna vara en fullständig förklaring av deras beteende.
[What] it is possible to do in politics is generally limited by what it is possible to legitimise. What you can hope to legitimise, however, depends on what courses of action you can plausably range under existing normative principles. But this implies that, even if your professed principles never operate as your motives, but only as rationalisations of your behaviour, they will nevertheless help to shape and limit what lines of action you can succesfully pursue. So we cannot avoid invoking the presence of such principles if we wish to explain why certain policies are chosen at particular times and then articulated and pursued in particular ways.
Detta resonemang utgör en naturlig del av den idéhistoriska ansats som Skinner står för och som avlägsnar sig från det traditionella studiet av kanoniska texter och istället ägnar sig åt ”a more wide-ranging investigation of the changing political languages in which societies talk themselves”. Här kan det vara värt att åter referera till Raymond Geuss och hans Philosophy and Real Politics:
The legitimatory mechanisms available in a given society change from one historical period to another, as do the total set of beliefs held by agents, the mechanisms for changing belief, or generating new ones (newspapers, universities, etc.), and the forms of widely distributed, socially rooted, moral conceptions. These are all important of what makes a given society the society it is. When the pope crowned Charlemagne emperor in AD 800, this legitimising act had a very significant political consequences; nothing comparable would have been possible in AD 80, or in 2008. Partly the reason for this is that there is no emperor in 2008, but partly it is that in AD 80 the very idea of the man called ”the pope” dispensing political legitimation would not have made much sense to anyone then alive. If one wants to attain a moderately realistic understanding of why a society behaves politically in a certain way, one will have to take account of the specific way the existing forms of legitimation work. There is nothing ”realistic” about closing one’s eyes to the fact that such warrants exist and are taken seriously.
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Quentin Skinner, Liberty Before Liberalism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998, s. 105–6.
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Raymond Geuss, Philosphy and Real Politics, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2008, s. 35–36.